BS Genetics: 8- Semester Program (146) Pre-requisite: H.S.C. Pre-Medical or General Science group with Biology, Pre-Entry Test. Admission on district U/R quota basis, 63 seats available.1st Semester ENGL 300 English (3) ISST 302 Islamic Studies (2) MATH 304 Mathematics (3) GENT 312- 313 Cell Biology (3, 1) 350- 351 Theory & Practical Minor-I (2, 1) 352- 353 Theory & Practical Minor-II (2, 1) 2nd Semester ENGL 301 English (3) PKST 302 Pakistan Studies (2) MATH 306 Mathematics (2) GENT 314, 315 Fundamentals of Genetics (3, 1) 356- 357 Theory & Practical Minor-I (2, 1) 358- 359 Theory & Practical Minor-II (2, 1) 3rd Semester ENGL 400 English (3) CIVZ 400 Civilization (2) MATH 400 Mathematics (3) GENT 410, 411 Molecular Genetics (3, 1) 450- 451 Theory & Practical Minor-I (2, 1) 452- 453 Theory & Practical Minor-II (2, 1) 4th Semester ENGL 401 English (3) CIVZ 401 Environmental Genetics (2) MATH 401 Biostatistics (3) GENT 412, 413 Principles of Breeding (3, 1) 456- 457 Theory & Practical Minor-I (2, 1) 458- 459 Theory & Practical Minor-II (2, 1) 5th Semester GENT 500, 501 Fundamentals of Biotechnology (3, 1) GENT 502, 503 Cytogenetics GENT 504, 505 Biochemistry-I (3, 1) GENT 506, 507 Microbial Genetics (2, 1) GENT 508, 509 Computer Applications in Genetics (2, 1) 6th Semester GENT 510, 511 Fermentation Biotchnology (3, 1) GENT 512, 513 Biochemistry-II GENT 514, 515 Quantitative & Population Genetics (3, 1) GENT 516, 517 Evolution and Biodiversity (2, 1) GENT 518, 519 Human Genetics (2, 1) 7th Semester GENT 600, 601 Genetic Engineering (3, 1) GENT 602, 603 Instruments Used in Genetics (3. 1) GENT 604, 605 DNA Finger Printing & Mol. Diagnostics (3, 1) GENT 606, 607 Induced Mutagenesis (2, 1) GENT 608, 609 Protein & Enzyme Technology (2, 1) 8th Semester GENT 610 Development & Behavioral Genetics (3) GENT 612 Approaches to Scientific Investigations (3) GENT 614 Special Topics in Genetics (3) GENT 616 Research Project (9) BGEN 620 Comprehensive Viva-Voce (2) Master of Science in Biotechnology: 4- Semester Program (66) Pre-requisite: Bachelor degree in Chemistry and any biological science subject with a minimum of 45% score. Pre-Entry Test. 1st Semester BIOT 500- 501 Fundamentals of Biotechnology (2- 1) BIOT 502- 503 Organic & Physical Chemistry (3- 1) BIOT 504- 505 Cell & Molecular Biology (2- 1) BIOT 506- 507 Biological Chemistry (2- 1) BIOT 508- 509 Biostatistics application in Biotechnology (2- 1) 2nd Semester BIOT 510- 511 Analytical Method in Biotechnology (3- 1) BIOT 512- 513 Basic Microbiology (2- 1) BIOT 514- 515 Molecular Genetics (2- 1) BIOT 516- 517 Metabolism (2- 1) BIOT 518- 519 Computer Application in Biotech. (2- 1) 3rd Semester BIOT 600- 601 Genetic Engineering (3-1) BIOT 602- 603 Agriculture & food Biotechnology (2- 1) BIOT 604- 605 Fermentation Biotechnology (3- 1) BIOT 606- 607 Animal Cell & Tissue Culture (2- 1) BIOT 608- 609 Enzyme Technology (3) 4th Semester BIOT 610 Research Methodology (3) BIOT 612- 613 Biodiversity & Environment Biotechnology (2- 1) BIOT 614- 615 Plant Cell & Tissue Culture (2- 1) BIOT 616- 617 Medical Biotechnology (2- 1) BIOT 618 Biotechnology Business Application (3) BIOT 619 Research Project in lieu of Practicals 2 practicals & optional subject (4)BIOT 620 Comprehensive Viva Voce 2 Syllabus for MS/M.Phil in Biotechnology1st Semester BIOT-700 Protein Structure, Function and Engineering (3cr. Hrs) Introduction
to protein structure, data bank of protein structure, protein modeling,
protein based virtual screening, scope and limits of molecular docking,
protein families, release of proteins from biological host. Bioseparation:
Steps in bioseparation processes, high-resolution fraction processes,
Interfacial protein adsorption, and inactivation during bioseparation. Chromatography:
The high resolution techniques protein separation, selectivity in
affinity chromatography, genetic approaches to facilitate protein
purification, solid-liquid separation, membranes for protein separation
and purification, precipitation of proteins: (specific and non
specific), protein inactivation during chromatographic separations,
adsorption influence on bioseparation and inactivation, Protein
refolding and inactivation during bioseparation. Applications and
economics of bioseparation, validation of the production of biological
products. Recommended Books: 1. Proteins-Ligand
Interactions: Structure and Spectroscopy edited by E. Harding and Babur
Z. Chowdhry published y Oxford University Press Inc., New York, United
States (2001). 2.
Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology edited
by Keith Wilson, John Walker published by Cambridge University Press,
West 20th Street, New York, NY, 10011-4211, USA (2005). 3.
Isolation and Purification of Proteins by Rajni Hatti-Kaul, Bo
Mattiasson, Hatti-Kaul Hatti-Kaul Marcel Dekker, Inc. Hutgasse 4,
postfach, CH-4001, Basel, Switzerland (2003). BIOT: 701 (Practical): (1 cr. Hrs)Isolation of protein 1. Separation of protein by column/ion-exchange chromatography 2. Separation of protein by electrophoresis 3. Determination of amino acid composition of protein BIOT-702 Hormones and Growth Factors (3 cr. Hrs) Plant
hormones: nature, occurrence, chemistry, biosynthesis, metabolism and
regulation of auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid and
ethylene. Final action and signal transduction of hormones, functioning
of hormones in plant growth and development. Role of hormones in normal
growth and defense of plants. Plant tumors. Methods of plant hormones
analysis. Human
hormones: Chemical classification of hormones and their synthesis,
transport in circulation and their half-lives. Principles of
endocrinology, functions of hormones and their regulation, mechanism of
hormone action: chemical signalling, endocrine, pancrine, autocrine and
intracrine mechanisms. Hormone receptors: cell surface and
intracellular, hormone receptor regulation. Hormones and immune system,
growth promotion and malignancy, genes, mutations and endocrine
functions. Role of Hormones and growth factors in regulation of DNA
synthesis and cellular proliferation, animal tumors, Clinical
evaluation of endocrine disorders. Growth
hormones and prolactin, Thyroid, steroid, glycoprotein hormones;
gonadotropins and thyrotropin, pancreatic, gastrointestinal, calcium
regulatory hormones, Insulin structure and gene, insulin-like growth
factors, epidermal growth factors, transforming growth factors,
fibroblast and nerve growth factors, hematopoietic growth factors,
platelet derived growth factors, transferrins, interferon. Recommended Books: 1.
Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action edited by
Peter J Davies published by Kluwer Academic Publishers P.O. Box 17,
3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands (2004). 2.
Hormones: From Molecules to Disease by Baulieu published by Hermann,
Publishers in Arts and Science, 293 rue, Lecourbe, 75015, Paris, France
and Chapman and Hall, 11 new Fetter lane, London (1990). 3.
Hormones, Growth Factors, and Oncogenes by Enrique Pimentel, Stephen D
Roper published by CRC Press Inc., 2000 Corporate, Blvd., N. W., Boca
Raton, Florida, 33431 (1987). 4.
Chemistry of Plant Hormones by Takahashi, Brian J Jones, Gareth J
Sanger published by CRC Press Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd, N. W., Boca
Raton, Florida, 33431 (1986). BIOT: 703 (Practical): (1 cr. Hrs) 1. Isolation of plant growth hormones 2. Separation of plant hormones by chromatographic method 3. Determination of plant growth hormones by spectrophotometer 4. Hormonal effect on rabbit & mice growth BIOT-704 Blood Chemistry and Diseases (3 cr. Hrs) Blood
composition: Introduction to blood, white blood cells, red blood cells,
platelets, reticulocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW,
neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils and plasma. Blood
Chemistry: Blood glucose, hemoglobin A1C, triglycerides, Cholesterol,
LDL, HDL, Apolipoprotein A & B, BUN, creatinine, total protein,
serum albumin, total globulin, bilirubin, urea, potassium, sodium,
chloride, carbon dioxide, calcium and phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline
phosphatase, blood grouping. Hematopoiesis:
mechanism of regulation, disorders of hemoglobin structure and
synthesis, thrombosis, coagulation disorders, thalassaemias and other
haemoglobinopathies, disorders of haemostasis, leukemias, lymphomas,
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and other inherited red
cell defects. Bone marrow transplantation for genetic diseases, genetic
approaches to therapy for the hemoglobinopathies, antisence strategies
to leukemia, Molecular immunotherapy by gene transfer, DNA based
immunization. Recommended Books: 1.
Blood Chemistry and CBC Analysis- Clinical Laboratory Testing from a
Functional Perspective by ND and Scott Ferguon, ND Dicken Weatherby
published by Bear Mountain Publishing; http//: www.
BearMountainPublishing.com 1-541-899-1522 (2002). 2.
Handbook of Nonpathologic Variations in Human Blood Constituents by
Richard W Richardson published by CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd
N. W., Boca Raton, Florida 33431 (1994). 3.
Blood Cell Biochemistrytherapy: Hematopoiesis and Gene Therapy edited
by Leslie J Fairbairn, Nydia G Testa published by Kluwer Academic
Press/ Plenum Publishers 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 (1999). 4.
Neoplastic Diseases of the Blood edited by Peter H. Wiernik, John M.
Goldman, Janice P. Dutcher, Robert A. Kyle published by The Press
Syndicate of The University of Cambridge, The Pin building, Cambridge,
United Kingdom (2003). BIOT-705 Practicals (1 cr. Hrs) 1. Blood Tests for Na, K, Urea, Cholestrol, Glucose, Total Protein, AG ratio. 2. Enzyme activity, uric acid and LFT in blood. BIOT-706 Advance Molecular Genetics (3 cr. Hrs) Basic
concepts of gene expression, Regulation of gene expression,
transcriptional regulation, regulatory promoters, enhancers,
terminators, antiterminators, activation of transcription, post
transcriptional regulation, mRNA processing and degradation, mRNA
analyzing techniques, translational regulation, Post transnational
control and modification of proteins, correlation of mRNA and protein
expression, antisense sequences, protein expression analysis, birth,
assembly and death of proteins, housekeeping genes, Protein
localization, sorting & trafficking, transport of proteins in to
and out of the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast, signal
transduction, general principle, signaling via G-protein-linked
cell-surface receptors, signaling via enzyme linked cell surface
receptors, Hormonal regulation of gene expression and cell cycle. Recommsended Books: 1. Genes VIII by Lewin published by Pearson Prentic Hall Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 (2004). 2.
Analysing Gene Expression, A Handbook of Methods: Possibilities and
Pitfalls edited by Stefan Lorkowski, Paul Cullen published by WILEY-VCH
Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinbeirn (2003). 3.
Mechanisms of Gene Expression: Structure, Function and Evolution of the
Basal Transcriptional by Robert O J Weinzierl published by Imperial
College Press, 57, Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London, WC2H 9HE,
United Kingdom (1999). BIOT-707 (Practical) (1 cr. Hrs) Diagnosis of infections disease through ELISA, PCR. 1. Genetic transformation of plants using biolistic method. 2. Detection of foreign genes in plant through PCR, Southern blotting, gene expression. 3. Detection of foreign protein in plants through western blotting, northern blotting. 2nd SEMESTERBIOT-708 Bioprocess Engineering (4 cr. Hrs) Concepts
of Bioprocessing, Engineering principles of bioprocess, the modeling of
biomass growth, bioreactors: design of bioreactors, multiple phase
reactor engineering, design of fermenters, absorbers, desorbers,
operating considerations of bioreactors, for suspension and immobilized
cultures, selection, scale up, operation and control of bioreactors.
Effects of micro mixing, precipitation, turbulent mixing & chemical
reactions, effects of mixing in highly viscous liquids. Effects of
shear stress on plant and animal cells, fungi solid cultures,
optimization of fiber filters, down stream separation process in
biotechnology. Problems and challenges in the production and processing
of biologically active material, Sensing techniques for bioprocess
monitoring and control. Gas
and liquid purification process: desulphurisation and denoxing of
gases, applications of three-phase fluidisation in gas purification.
Aeration and ozonation of water and wastewater. Applications of active
sorbants in gas, liquid and soil purification process. Stripping of
volatile organic compounds. Membrane methods for gas & liquid
purification processes. Traditional
industrial bioprocesses: aerobic and anaerobic bioprocesses.
Applications of Bioprocessing and engineering in biological waste
treatment, tissue engineering, gene therapy, and for production of
pharmaceuticals and biologics. Recommended Books: 1.
Bioprocess Engineering Basic Concepts by Michael L. Shuler and Fikret
Kargi published by Pearson Education Inc., Indian Branch, 482, F.I.E.
Patparganj Dehli 110092, India (2003). 2. New Products and New Areas of Bioprocess Engineering by T Scheper published by Springer, Netherland (2004). 3.
An Introduction to Metabolic and Cellular Engineering by S. Cortassa,
M. A. Aon, A. A. Iglesias, D. Lloyd published by World Scientific
Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. P.O. Box128, Parrer Road, Singapore (2002). BIOT-710 Current Issues in Biotechnology (4 cr. Hrs) Intellectual
property rights (IPR):. Social-genetic discrimination, insurance and
employment, human cloning, foeticide, sex determination. Somatic and
germ line therapy and clinical trials; Biosafety containment
facilities, biohazards, genetically modified organisms, use of GMOs in
Pakistan, guidelines. Biosensors:
Design of biosensors, integrated biosensors, redox hydrogel-based
electrochemical biosensors, hybridization at oligonucleotide sensitive
electrodes, fluorescence based fiber optic biosensors, protein
engineering biosensor, Biological
risk assessment: an overview of some key policy and implementation
issues, Public perception of biotechnology, risk assessment &
contained use of genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs), safety in
contained use and environment release of transgenic crop plants, safety
considerations: microbial pesticides and biotreatment operations. Books Recommended: 1. Governing the GM Crop Revolution: Current Issues and Future Challenges
by Robert L. Paarlberg, Published by International Food Policy Research Institute, (2000). 2.
Genetically Modified Organisms: A Guide to Biosafety by George T.
Tzotzos published by CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon OX10, 8DE,
United Kingdom (1995). 3. Economic and Social Issues in Agricultural Biotechnology
edited
by Robert E Evenson, V Santaniello, David Zilberman published by CAB
International Wallingford, Oxon OX10, 8DE, United Kingdom (2002). 4.
Biosensor: second edition edited by Jon Kooper and Tony Gass published
by Oxford University Press Inc., New York, USA (2004). Second Year (3rd & 4th Semester) BIOT-712 Research Project (16 cr. Hrs)Syllabus for MS in Genetics First Year: Semester I GENT-700 Molecular Immunology & Virology (3 cr. Hrs) Immunity:
Introduction to immune response: innate, acquired and passive, T cells
& B cells, Antigen: concept of self & non-self antigens, cell
surface antigens, histocompatibility antigens. Immunoglobulins: class, subclass, structure and function relationship, gene organization, rearrangement and expression, Antibody:
Classes, structure, synthesis and generation of antibody diversity
molecular basis, antibody gene rearrangements, allotypes and idiotypes,
monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, antibody-antigen reaction. Molecular
basis of disease susceptibility and resistance. Immune diversity.
Genetic control of immune response. Molecular hybridization. PCR
technology and immuno-electrophoresis. Immunodeficiency. Virology,
Classification, plant and medically important animal viruses,
pathogenesis, medically important viral pathogens (HSV, HIV & IMV),
host defenses, viral immunology, laboratory diagnosis, antiviral drugs. Vaccines:
different types of vaccines, recombinant, synthetic, idiotypic based,
glycoconjugate, deletion and DNA vaccines, vaccine production, genetic
basis of attenuation, Principles of vaccination, vaccine delivery
system and approaches to enhance immunogenecity and immunomodulation
adjuvant, vaccines to pathogens and tumors. Antiviral vaccines.
Immunization, antigen preparations, GENT-701 Practical Molecular Immunology & Virology (1 cr. Hrs) 1. Detection of Hepatitis B, C, tuberculosis, and hormones 2. Isolation of viral particles 3. Isolation of bacterial H antigen 4. Isolation of bacterial O antigen 5. A & B blood antigen preparation from erythrocytes Recommended Books 1.
Molecular Immunology: A text book edited by M. Zouhair Atassi, R.
Darryl, A. J. Carel published by Marcel Dekker, Inc. 270 medison avenue
New York 10016, America (1984). 2.
Medical Immunology: Fifth Edition, by Gabriel Virella published by
Marcel Dekker, Inc. Hutgasse 4, postfach 812, CA-4001, Basel,
Switzerland (2001). 3.
Immunology of Infectious Diseases: edited by Stefan Kaufmann, Alan
Sher, Rafi Ahmed ASM Press, American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N
street NW Washington DC 20036-2904 (2002). 4. Basic Virology: 2nd Edition by Wagner published by Blackwell Science Ltd. Blackwell publishing company (2004). 5.
Practical Molecular Virology: Viral Vectors for Gene Expression by Mary
K L Collins published by Humana Press Inc. 999 Riverview Dr., Suite
Totowa, NJ, 07512 (1991). 6.
Introduction to Modern Virology: Fifth edition by Dimmock published by
Blackwell Science Ltd. Blackwell publishing company (2002). GENT-702 Hormonal Genetics (3 cr. Hrs) Nature,
occurrence, chemistry, biosynthesis, metabolism and their regulation
Final action and signal transduction of hormones, functioning of
hormones in growth and development and defense. Cell
surface and intracellular hormones, hormone receptor regulation.
Hormones and immune system, growth promotion and malignancy, genes,
mutations and endocrine functions. Role of Hormones and growth factors
in regulation of DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation, animal
tumors, Clinical evaluation of endocrine disorders. The
hypothalamus-pituitary system, growth hormones and prolactin, Thyroid,
steroid, glycoprotein hormones, gonadotropins and thyrotropin,
pancreatic, gastrointestinal, calcium regulatory hormones, Insulin
structure and gene, insulin-like growth factors, epidermal growth
factors, transforming growth factors, fibroblast and nerve growth
factors, hematopoietic growth factors, platelet derived growth factors,
transferrins, interferon, GENT-703 Practical Hormones and Growth Factors (1 cr. Hrs) 1.Isolation of Plant hormones. 2. Separation and purification of plant hormones. 3. Determination of Plant hormones 4. Estimation of 5-hydroxy-3-indole acetic acid from urine 5. Determination of 17-ketosteroids. 6. Determination of 17-hydroxy corticoids Recommended Books 1.
Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action edited by
Peter J Davies published by Kluwer Academic Publishers P.O. Box 17,
3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands (2004). 2.
Hormones: From Molecules to Disease by Baulieu published by Hermann,
Publishers in Arts and Science, 293 rue, Lecourbe, 75015, Paris, France
and Chapman and Hall, 11 new Fetter lane, London (1990). 3.
Hormones, Growth Factors, and Oncogenes by Enrique Pimentel, Stephen D
Roper published by CRC Press Inc., 2000 Corporate, Blvd., N. W., Boca
Raton, Florida, 33431 (1987). 4.
Chemistry of Plant Hormones by Takahashi, Brian J Jones, Gareth J
Sanger published by CRC Press Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd, N. W., Boca
Raton, Florida, 33431 (1986). GENT-704 Clinical Genetics (3 cr. Hrs) Introduction
to blood, composition: white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets,
reticulocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, neutrophils, lymphocytes,
monocytes, basophils and plasma. Erythropoiesis: stages, regulation and
factors increasing erythropoiesis, hemolysis, blood grouping. Mechanism
of regulation, disorders of hemoglobin structure and synthesis,
thrombosis, coagulation disorders, thalassaemias and other
haemoglobinopathies, disorders of haemostasis, leukemias, lymphomas,
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and other inherited red
cell defects. Bone marrow transplantation for genetic diseases, genetic
approaches to therapy for the hemoglobinopathies, antisence strategies
to leukemia, Cystic
fibrosis, Sickle cell anemia, muscular dystrophy, diabetes, genetic
cancer, tumor suppression gene, heritable cancer, gene therapy.
Molecular diagnosis of genetic diseases; genetic counseling for
families, Ethical issues in clinical genetics with reference to
Pakistan. GENT-705 Practical Blood Chemistry and Diseases (1 cr. Hrs) Analysis of blood complete picture (CP) 1. Blood Tests for Na, K, Urea, Cholestrol, Glucose, Total Protein, AG ratio, uric acid and LFT in blood. 2. Determination of G-6-P dehydrogenase isoenzymes in normal and disease individual. 3. Detection of thallasaemia in normal and infected individual 4. Determination of karyotypes Recommended Books: 1.
Blood Chemistry and CBC Analysis- Clinical Laboratory Testing from a
Functional Perspective by ND and Scott Ferguon, ND Dicken Weatherby
published by Bear Mountain Publishing; http//: www.
BearMountainPublishing.com 1-541-899-1522 (2002). 2.
Handbook of Nonpathologic Variations in Human Blood Constituents by
Richard W Richardson published by CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd
N. W., Boca Raton, Florida 33431 (1994). 3.
Blood Cell Biochemistrytherapy: Hematopoiesis and Gene Therapy edited
by Leslie J Fairbairn, Nydia G Testa published by Kluwer Academic
Press/ Plenum Publishers 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 (1999). 4.
Neoplastic Diseases of the Blood edited by Peter H. Wiernik, John M.
Goldman, Janice P. Dutcher, Robert A. Kyle published by The Press
Syndicate of The University of Cambridge, The Pin building, Cambridge,
United Kingdom (2003). 5. Human Genetics: Concept and Applications edited by Lewis R., 6th edition, mc Graw Hill (2005) GENT-706 Advance Molecular Genetics (3 cr. Hrs) Basic
concepts of gene expression, Regulation of gene expression,
transcriptional regulation, regulatory promoters, enhancers,
terminators, antiterminators, activation of transcription, post
transcriptional regulation, mRNA processing and degradation, mRNA
analyzing techniques, translational regulation, Post transnational
control and modification of proteins, correlation of mRNA and protein
expression, antisense sequences, protein expression analysis, birth,
assembly and death of proteins, housekeeping genes, Protein
localization, sorting & trafficking, transport of proteins in to
and out of the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast, signal
transduction, general principle, signaling via G-protein-linked
cell-surface receptors, signaling via enzyme linked cell surface
receptors, Hormonal regulation of gene expression and cell cycle. GENT-707 Practical Advance Molecular Genetics (1 cr. Hrs) 1. Protoplast Isolation and Somatic hybridization in Plants. 2. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in plants. 3.
Integration and expression analysis of foreign genes in plants and
animals through hybridization techniques (Southern, Northern and
western blotting). 4. Quantitative determination of DNA by gel electrophoresis 5. Denaturation and renaturation of DNA Recommended Books 1. Genes VIII by Lewin B., published by Oxford University Press (2004). 2.
Analysing Gene Expression, A Handbook of Methods: Possibilities and
Pitfalls edited by Stefan Lorkowski, Paul Cullen published by WILEY-VCH
Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinbeirn (2003). 3.
Mechanisms of Gene Expression: Structure, Function and Evolution of the
Basal Transcriptional by Robert O J Weinzierl published by Imperial
College Press, 57, Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London, WC2H 9HE,
United Kingdom (1999) First Year: Semester II GENT-708 Biosafety and Bioethics (4 cr. Hrs) Definition
and history of laboratory acquired blood borne infections. Risk
associated with handling human/animal blood, body fluids, and tissue
samples (including human and animal lines). Significant exposure risk,
risks associated with microbes. Classification of organisms on the
basis of hazards; Precautions, preventions and minimization of risk.
Vaccination requirements. Post exposure management. Biosafety in
laboratory; viral vactors, applications of fundamental biosafety
principles to recombinant microbes. Biosafety of the common agents,
potential hazards of radioisotopes; external/ internal protection
techniques, external/ internal dosimetry, instrumentation, polices and
procedures. Personal monitoring and documentation. Ethical, moral and
religious issues regarding LMOs. Reproductive technologies. Artificial
insemination; in vitro fertilization (IVF), gamete intrafallopian
transfer (GIFT), zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT), surrogacy; drug
abuse during pregnancy. RU-486, involuntary sterilization. Genetic
screening, gene therapy, transgenic organisms, agricultural
applications. Fetal tissue transplantation; xenografts, AIDS,
disclosure, transmission health care industry, right-to-die
transplantation and xenografting, advance directives, living wills,
physician associated suicide, human cloning, Hepatitis A, B & C. Recommended Books: 1. O’ Mahony, P.J. Nature, Risk and Responsibilities: Discourses of Biotechnology. Rhothedge Publishers. 1999. 2. Torrance, I. Bioethics for New Millennium. Saint Andrew Press. 2000. 3. Donnellan, C. The Ethics of Genetic Engineering, Independent Educational Publications. 1998. 4. Donnellan, C. Cloning (Issues). Independent Educational Publications. 1998. 5. Biosafety and Bioethics edited by Rajmohan Joshi (Oct, 2006). Amazon Publisher 6. Genomic for Biosafety in plant Biotechnology edited by Peter Nap and William J. Steiekama (Nov. 2004). Amazon Publisher. GENT-710 Instruments & Techniques in Genetics (4 cr. Hrs) Ultra-centrifugation: Introduction, principle and applications in research. Electroporator: Introduction, principle and applications, Biolistic gun: Introduction, principle and applications, Electrophoresis:
Introduction, principle and applications, Capillary electrophoresis,
Disc electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE, microchip electrophoresis. Flow
Injection Analyzer: Principle of flow injection analysis, types of
dispersion, basic FIA components, detection system, FIA modes, gradient
system, Applications (Pharmaceuticals and environmental). Techniques:
Cell, tissue and organ culture, cell suspension culture and metabolite
production, haploid production, protoplast culture and somatic
hybridization, hydroponics. Genetic transformation of plants: chemical
methods, electroporation, microinjection and biolistic methods,
agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants. Principles
and applications of Primer synthesizer, protein synthesizer, DNA
sequencer and amino acid sequencer. Recommended Books 1.
Proteins-Ligand Interactions: Structure and Spectroscopy edited by E.
Harding and Babur Z. Chowdhry published y Oxford University Press Inc.,
New York, United States (2001). 2.
Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology edited
by Keith Wilson, John Walker published by Cambridge University Press,
West 20th Street, New York, NY, 10011-4211, USA (2005). 3.
Recombinant DNA Principles and Methodologies by James J Greene,
Venigalla B Rao, Greene Greene published by Marcel Dekker Inc.,
Hutgasse 4, postfach, CH-4001, Basel, Switzerland (1998). Second Year: Third & Fourth semester: GENT-712 Research Project (Thesis) (16 cr. Hrs) | 
